HomePhilosophyApplied EthicsWhat is Paternalism (bioethics)?
Philosophy·2 min·Updated Mar 16, 2026

What is Paternalism (bioethics)?

Paternalism in Bioethics

Quick Answer

Paternalism in bioethics refers to the practice of making decisions for others, believing it is for their own good, even if it restricts their freedom. This approach often arises in healthcare situations where a provider might override a patient's wishes to ensure their well-being.

Overview

Paternalism in bioethics involves intervening in someone's decision-making process with the intention of protecting or benefiting them. This can happen in various settings, especially in healthcare, where doctors may decide to withhold information from patients if they believe it will prevent harm. The ethical dilemma arises because, while the intention is to help, it can undermine a person's autonomy and right to make their own choices. An example of paternalism can be seen in mental health treatment, where a psychiatrist might decide to involuntarily hospitalize a patient who poses a risk to themselves. Although the psychiatrist believes this action is in the patient's best interest, it raises questions about the patient's freedom and ability to make informed decisions about their life. This highlights the balance that must be struck between protecting individuals and respecting their autonomy, which is a core concern in applied ethics. The importance of discussing paternalism lies in its implications for ethical decision-making. It challenges us to consider when it is appropriate to intervene in someone else's life and what the consequences of such actions might be. In the field of applied ethics, understanding paternalism helps guide healthcare professionals and policymakers in creating frameworks that respect individual rights while also promoting public health and safety.


Frequently Asked Questions

Critics argue that paternalism undermines individual autonomy and the right to make personal decisions. They believe that people should have the freedom to choose, even if their choices may lead to negative outcomes.
Paternalism focuses on making decisions for others without their consent, while beneficence involves acting in someone's best interest with their agreement. Beneficence respects autonomy, whereas paternalism can violate it.
Some argue that paternalism can be justified in cases where individuals are unable to make informed decisions, such as in severe mental illness or when a person is incapacitated. However, this justification is often debated and must be carefully considered in each situation.